What is hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition characterised by the appearance of brown patches on the skin. It is caused by an excess of melanin, the natural pigment responsible for skin colour.

These spots can appear on various parts of the body, but are particularly visible on exposed areas such as the face, neckline and hands. They can affect the evenness of the complexion and give the skin an uneven or tired appearance.

The different types of pigmentation spots

1. Solar lentigines

Solar lentigines are well-defined brown spots, often linked to prolonged exposure to UV rays.

They mainly appear on sun-exposed areas such as the face or hands, and are common with age. As the sun is the main trigger, these spots are directly linked to premature skin ageing.

2. Melasma

Melasma is characterised by diffuse, often symmetrical patches that mainly appear on the face.

It is linked to hormonal changes (pregnancy, contraception, hormonal imbalances) combined with sun exposure. This form of hormonal hyperpigmentation is often persistent and requires specific treatment.

3. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation appears following skin damage, such as acne, irritation or scarring.

When the skin is inflamed, it produces more melanin, which leaves brown marks after spots have healed. This type of mark is common in blemish-prone skin.

4. Hormonal or medication-related pigmentation

Some marks are linked to medical treatments or hormonal changes. They can be widespread and require a specific approach to be effectively treated.

Why do pigmentation marks appear?

Pigmentation marks appear when melanin production is disrupted. Several factors can be responsible for this:

• Sun exposure (UV rays), the main trigger
• Hormones, particularly during pregnancy or the menstrual cycle
• Skin inflammation (acne, irritation)
• Skin ageing
• Pollution and external aggressors

These factors stimulate melanocytes, leading to an irregular distribution of melanin and consequently the appearance of brown spots.

The importance of sun protection against dark spots

Sun protection is the most important step in preventing and limiting hyperpigmentation.

UVA and UVB rays:

• stimulate melanin production
• darken existing spots
• encourage their reappearance

Daily broad-spectrum sun protection is essential to protect the skin and ensure the effectiveness of anti-dark spot treatments.